Electrical bulbs | Types of electrical bulbs

Electrical bulb

An electric bulbs is a conventional light emitting components. The filaments of lamps is mainly made up of  tungsten , it has high melting point temperature. When the current flow through a tungsten filament they glow and produce a light energy.

Uses of electric bulbs:-

it is mainly used for lighting & indicating purpose.Now days maximum places are replaced by (Light emitting diode ) LEDs.
#The must be known before selecting a lamp for a specific purpose.

 1. Voltage Rating of Electric Bulbs.
2. Current Rating of Electric Bulbs.

Types of Electric Bulbs

Types of lamp depend upon designing pattern of the bulbs. According to various designs and varieties of bulbs are listed below..

1.Incandescent Bulbs :- 
The incandescent light bulb has had the same design for over 100 years since Thomas Edison invented it. It produces light when a thin wire called a tungsten filament is heated by electricity running through it making it so hot that it starts to glow brightly. This releases a lot of heat and the bulbs get hot to the touch, meaning this bulb is very inefficient.
  • They have average working life of 1000 hrs & luminous efficiency is 12 lumen/w ,since their light has no stroboscopic effect.
  • The incandescent lamps are suitable for domestic ,industrial , street lighting and flood lighting. 
  • They are available in a wide range of voltage ratings & hence, are used in automatic trains , emergency lights, aeroplane  and signals for railways etc.
2.Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFL): 
  • They have a reaction time of one second or a little more at the start. They go off and restart when the supply is restored. The color of their light varies with the phosphor coating.
  • Their initial cost of installation is maximum but running cost is minimum.
  • They have average working life of 4000/hrs and a luminous efficiency of 40 lm/w.
  • The stroboscopic effect is present , they are suitable semi-direct lighting. domestic, industrial , commercial , roads & halls etc.
3.Mercury vapour Lamps - 
  • They take 5-6 minutes for starting. They go off and cannot be restarted after the recovery of the voltage till the pressure falls to normal. 
  • Their initial cost of installation is high but lesser than that of fluorescent lamps. They suffer from high colour distortion.
  • They have an average working life is 3000 hrs and its luminous efficiency is 40  lm/w.
  • they are suitable for open space like yards parks & highway lighting etc.   
4.Light Emitting Diode - 
  • Unlike incandescent and CFL bulbs, LED bulbs have moved into the technological age.
  • LEDs are semiconductor devices that produces light when an electrical current applied to them.
  • Life Span- 50000-100000 hrs
  • Efficiency- 200 lumens/watt
  • Lower energy consumption.
  • Smaller in size , faster switching.
5.Metal Halide Lamps - 
  • Assembly of a quartz or ceramic tube and electrodes is commonly called the arc tube. 
  • Arc tube contains argon and xenon starting gas, mercury and metal halide salts.
  • Metal halide arc tubes operates at temperature 900-1100°C
  • Life Span- 8000-10000 hrs
  • Wattage -35w-1500w
  • Efficiency- 65-110 lumens/watt
  • High energy consumption. 

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