Electrical Topics

ASH HANDLING SYSTEM IN THERMAL STATION In thermal power plants, coal is used as a fuel for generating electricity. After burning of coal, 40% of the total coal consumption is converted into ash which need to be properly disposed off from the thermal power plant. TYPES OF ASH GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANT   1.      Bottom Ash -   Ash generated below furnace of the thermal power plant is called the bottom Ash. The value of bottom Ash generated is around 20% of total Ash. Bottom Ash is mostly coarse in nature hence it needs to be further crushed before being transported to ash handling system. 2.     Fly Ash - around 80% of ash generated in thermal power plant is fly ash. It is in form of very fine particles which is collected by economiser hopper, air preheater Hopper and electrostatic precipitator.   Ash handling plant or ash handling system in thermal power plant are used to cooled down the ash to manageable temperature, transferred to a disposal area or storage which i

Introduction of Thermal power plant   A thermal power plant station is a power plant in which heat energy is converted to electric power. In most of places in the world of turbine is steam- driven. Water is heated, turns into steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.  After it passes through the turbine the steam is  condensed  in a  condenser  and recycled to where it was heated. This is known as a  Rankine cycle.   Thermal power station                                                                Almost all  coal , petroleum,  nuclear ,  geothermal ,  solar thermal electric , and  waste incineration plants , as well as many natural gas power stations are thermal.  Natural gas  is frequently  burned  in  gas turbines  as well as  boilers . The  waste heat  from a gas turbine, in the form of hot exhaust gas, can be used to raise steam by passing this gas through a  heat recovery steam generator  (HRSG). The steam is then used to drive a steam turbine in a  combined cy

# Plant Location   The determination of plant location is a complex problem depending on many factors and following consideration for steam power station :-  A steam power plant should have low cost & high thermal efficiency. If the steam power plant is coal based. It should be able to burn inferior quality of coals with high ash content. Factor of selecting site for steam power plants: Availability of raw materials: Steam power plant using coal or oil as fuel require very large amount of fuel per annum. Nature of land and its cost: The selected site should have high bearing capacity of at least 10 N/sq mm to with stand dead load of the plant. It would reduce the cost of the foundation of the plant. Availability of water: Steam power plant use water as working fluid throughout the year, which is repeatedly evaporated and condensed. It also need about 2% of steam generated as make up water due to its loss. Load center: The location of plant at center of loads reduces the cost of tr

Electrical bulb An  electric bulbs is a conventional light emitting components. The filaments of lamps is mainly made up of  tungsten , it has high melting point temperature. When the current flow through a tungsten filament they glow and produce a light energy. Uses of electric bulbs:- it is mainly used for lighting & indicating purpose.Now days maximum places are replaced by (Light emitting diode ) LEDs. #The must be known before selecting a lamp for a specific purpose. 1. Voltage Rating of Electric Bulbs. 2. Current Rating of Electric Bulbs. Types of Electric Bulbs Types of lamp depend upon designing pattern of the bulbs. According to various designs and varieties of bulbs are listed below.. 1. Incandescent Bulbs :-  The incandescent light bulb has had the same design for over 100 years since Thomas Edison invented it. It produces light when a thin wire called a tungsten filament is heated by electricity running through it making it so hot that it starts to

REACTORS A coil or other component which provides reactance in a circuit . A series reactor is an inductive coil connected in a circuit or system to limit the short circuit current .the circuit breakers in the system are selected so that they can interrupt the maximum short circuit current in the system.  A series reactor may be fixed aur switched type. A  fixed reactor is permanently connected in the circuit.  Types of Reactors -  Reactors are used in now days are mostly air cored coils . They are built in types - 1.Dry type reactor:-  Dry-type reactors are mainly employed in electric power transmission and distribution systems as well as in electric power systems of electrical plants. They are installed to protect these systems and to increase their efficiency. 2.Oil immersed reactor : It  is mainly used in principal part of the electric force and distribution system in large power plant, nuclear power plant, and hydropower station. An oil immersed reactor has a